Ask a Neuroscientist: A Spectrum of Handedness

Ask a Neuroscientist: A Spectrum of Handedness

Are you left handed? Right handed? Somewhere in between? 

What is commonly thought of as "left" and "right" handedness, is probably more accurately described as a spectrum. Where we lie on that spectrum (from strongly right handed, to strongly left handed) can depend on the task we are performing. For example: you might be strongly left handed when it comes to writing, but you find it more natural to open a jar with your right hand. Or when you open the lid of a hinged box, you do so with either left or right hand. 

We don't really have a good handle on what it is about the brain that makes us handed (or footed). But we do know that other animals also show similar preferences. So it's possible that handedness is some kind of fundamental feature of the way brains generate movement, and interface with muscles. 

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Ask a Neuroscientist: Why is prayer so motivating? Is it because of dopamine?

Ask a Neuroscientist: Why is prayer so motivating? Is it because of dopamine?

Do some people experience a rush of dopamine when they pray or preach the gospel?

Becca Krock's fascinating answer evokes a wide range of subjects, from St. Teresa, "who certainly seems to have enjoyed praying", to the handful of studies that have measured brain activity during prayer, to the writings of William James, "the father of modern psychology".

In the end, she writes, it may be reasonable to conclude that "prayer is an intricate composite of many more run-of-the-mill psychological processes (attention, memory, emotion, speech). And each one...is accompanied by the neural correlates you’d expect to see during that process, regardless of whether it’s occurring in a religious or secular context."

Image source: continuedon.wordpress.com

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Ask a Neuroscientist: How many types of neurons are there?

Ask a Neuroscientist: How many types of neurons are there?

How many types of neurons are there? 

Joran Sorokin discusses one popular property used for distinguishing between neurons: neurotransmission, or how individual cells communicate with one another. How do neuroscientists use this property to break neurons into subtypes? And where does this leave glia??

Read on to learn more. 

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Ask a Neuroscientist: Does the brain have an energy budget?

Ask a Neuroscientist: Does the brain have an energy budget?

What is the brain's energy budget? Ada Yee discusses three possible ways of assessing how the brain distributes its resources: first, by direct measurement of oxygen flow and glucose uptake; second, by examining what processes the brain sacrifices when energy gets low; and third, by calculation from known simple properties of neurons.

Photo Credit: N. Seery, Wellcome Images

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Ask a Neuroscientist: Can dopamine release become addicting?

Ask a Neuroscientist: Can dopamine release become addicting?

In this issue of Ask a Neuroscientist, Dr. Talia Lerner fields a question about the exact relationship between dopamine and addiction. Writing in response to a question from Peter Senavallis, Talia says: "the dopamine hypothesis of drug addiction ... has been a driving force in addiction research ever since people noticed that addictive drugs all seem to act in one way or another on dopamine regulation." However, she notes (and describes) recent research that "calls into question the idea that dopamine neuron stimulation would be sufficient to induce and sustain all the classic hallmarks of addiction, both behavioral and molecular. "

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Ask a Neuroscientist: What's it like to have Broca's or Wernicke's Aphasia?

Ask a Neuroscientist: What's it like to have Broca's or Wernicke's Aphasia?

Julia Turan answers a question about the language deficits experienced by patients with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia. Read on to learn whether Wernicke's aphasiacs have difficulty writing, and to see amazing videos of stroke patients with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia. 

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A Synaptic Plasticity Twofer: Synaptic distance and Glutamatergic exclusivity

A Synaptic Plasticity Twofer: Synaptic distance and Glutamatergic exclusivity

In this edition of Ask a Neuroscientist, Dr. David Bochner tackles a pair of questions: 1) Whether synaptic plasticity means that synapses move closer together, and 2) Whether the predominance of papers describing plasticity at glutamatergic synapses means that other synapses aren't plastic. 

Spoilers: The answer to both these questions is no. Read below the fold to learn why. 

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Ask a Neuroscientist: How do I get into the Stanford Neuro PhD Program?

Ask a Neuroscientist: How do I get into the Stanford Neuro PhD Program?

In this edition of Ask a Neuroscientist, what does it take to get into the Stanford Neuroscience PhD program?

To help me answer this question, I sat down with the newly minted director of the Stanford Neurosciences PhD Program, Dr. Anthony (Tony) Ricci. Before his appointment as Program Director, Tony served on the Stanford PhD Program Admissions Committee; he also was involved in graduate admissions at Louisiana State University prior to his appointment at Stanford. Tony believes that graduate admission should be a transparent process, and so was happy to share his personal approach to selecting applicants.

We discuss the process by which 500 applicants are narrowed down to 30 invited interviewees, and what a successful application needs to prevent rejection. 

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